LFS-从源代码编译自己的操作系统（1）

以 ubuntu 系统为宿主机

1 安装宿主机

1.1 使用ubuntu 试用模式

1.1.1 下载ubuntu

镜像下载

1.1.2 安装虚拟机

补充try ubuntu截图

1.1.3 替换镜像源

Ubuntu 的软件源配置文件是 /etc/apt/sources.list。将系统自带的该文件做个备份，将该文件替换为下面内容

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ impish main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ impish main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ impish-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ impish-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ impish-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ impish-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ impish-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ impish-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ impish-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ impish-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

1.2 安装依赖

1.2.1 检查依赖

cat > version-check.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
# Simple script to list version numbers of critical development tools
export LC_ALL=C
bash --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2-4
MYSH=$(readlink -f /bin/sh)
echo "/bin/sh -> $MYSH"
echo $MYSH | grep -q bash || echo "ERROR: /bin/sh does not point to bash"
unset MYSH

echo -n "Binutils: "; ld --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f3-
bison --version | head -n1

if [ -h /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
  echo "/usr/bin/yacc -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
  echo yacc is `/usr/bin/yacc --version | head -n1`
else
  echo "yacc not found"
fi

echo -n "Coreutils: "; chown --version | head -n1 | cut -d")" -f2
diff --version | head -n1
find --version | head -n1
gawk --version | head -n1

if [ -h /usr/bin/awk ]; then
  echo "/usr/bin/awk -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/awk ]; then
  echo awk is `/usr/bin/awk --version | head -n1`
else
  echo "awk not found"
fi

gcc --version | head -n1
g++ --version | head -n1
grep --version | head -n1
gzip --version | head -n1
cat /proc/version
m4 --version | head -n1
make --version | head -n1
patch --version | head -n1
echo Perl `perl -V:version`
python3 --version
sed --version | head -n1
tar --version | head -n1
makeinfo --version | head -n1  # texinfo version
xz --version | head -n1

echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c && g++ -o dummy dummy.c
if [ -x dummy ]
  then echo "g++ compilation OK";
  else echo "g++ compilation failed"; fi
rm -f dummy.c dummy
EOF

bash version-check.sh

常见结果

bash, version 5.1.8(1)-release
/bin/sh -> /usr/bin/dash
ERROR: /bin/sh does not point to bash
Binutils: version-check.sh: line 10: ld: command not found
version-check.sh: line 11: bison: command not found
yacc not found
Coreutils:  8.32
diff (GNU diffutils) 3.8
find (GNU findutils) 4.8.0
version-check.sh: line 24: gawk: command not found
/usr/bin/awk -> /usr/bin/mawk
version-check.sh: line 34: gcc: command not found
version-check.sh: line 35: g++: command not found
grep (GNU grep) 3.7
gzip 1.10
Linux version 5.13.0-19-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-013) (gcc (Ubuntu 11.2.0-7ubuntu2) 11.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.37) #19-Ubuntu SMP Thu Oct 7 21:58:00 UTC 2021
version-check.sh: line 39: m4: command not found
version-check.sh: line 40: make: command not found
GNU patch 2.7.6
Perl version='5.32.1';
Python 3.9.7
sed (GNU sed) 4.7
tar (GNU tar) 1.34
version-check.sh: line 46: makeinfo: command not found
xz (XZ Utils) 5.2.5
version-check.sh: line 49: g++: command not found
g++ compilation failed

1.2.2 安装配置

ERROR: /bin/sh does not point to bash

# 调整默认sh指向
dpkg-reconfigure dash

其它软件直接apt安装即可

apt install bison gawk gcc g++ make texinfo

再次检查结果

bash, version 5.1.8(1)-release
/bin/sh -> /usr/bin/bash
Binutils: (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.37
bison (GNU Bison) 3.7.6
/usr/bin/yacc -> /usr/bin/bison.yacc
Coreutils:  8.32
diff (GNU diffutils) 3.8
find (GNU findutils) 4.8.0
GNU Awk 5.1.0, API: 3.0 (GNU MPFR 4.1.0, GNU MP 6.2.1)
/usr/bin/awk -> /usr/bin/gawk
gcc (Ubuntu 11.2.0-7ubuntu2) 11.2.0
g++ (Ubuntu 11.2.0-7ubuntu2) 11.2.0
grep (GNU grep) 3.7
gzip 1.10
Linux version 5.13.0-19-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-013) (gcc (Ubuntu 11.2.0-7ubuntu2) 11.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.37) #19-Ubuntu SMP Thu Oct 7 21:58:00 UTC 2021
m4 (GNU M4) 1.4.18
GNU Make 4.3
GNU patch 2.7.6
Perl version='5.32.1';
Python 3.9.7
sed (GNU sed) 4.7
tar (GNU tar) 1.34
texi2any (GNU texinfo) 6.7
xz (XZ Utils) 5.2.5
g++ compilation OK

2 LFS准备

2.1 设置分区

2.1.1 分区规划

swap	2G
/	剩余

2.1.2 使用fdisk分区

fdisk /dev/vda
# 以下为交互输入
g	# 改磁盘格式为gpt
n	# 新建分区，后面相同
回车
回车
+2G
n
回车
回车
回车
w	#保存修改

2.1.3 格式化分区

# swap
mkswap /dev/vda1
# /
mkfs,ext4 /dev/vda2

2.2 设置工作目录

2.2.1 设置LFS变量

export LFS=/mnt/lfs

2.2.2 后续如果关机重新进入，记得执行检查命令

echo $LFS

2.2.3 挂载分区

# 创建挂载 / 分区
mkdir -pv $LFS
mount -v -t ext4 /dev/vda2 $LFS

# 启动swap分区
/sbin/swapon -v /dev/vda1

2.3 获取源代码

2.3.1 创建源代码目录

mkdir -v $LFS/sources
chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources

2.3.2 源代码下载地址

ftp://ftp.lfs-matrix.net/pub/lfs/ (Los Angeles, CA, USA, 200Mbps)

http://ftp.lfs-matrix.net/pub/lfs/ (Los Angeles, CA, USA, 200Mbps)

ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/lfs/ (Corvallis, OR, USA, 100Mbps)

http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/lfs/ (Corvallis, OR, USA, 100Mbps)

http://mirror.jaleco.com/lfs/pub/ (Washington, DC, USA, 1 Gbps)